Inhibition of Expressions of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 and Growth Factors in Mammary and Endometrial Cells by Estrogen, Progesterone or/and Prolactin





Neena Philips, Karyn McFadden, Jennifer Stellatella, Jennifer Monteleone and Courtney Hurley

Department of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Georgian Court College, Lakewood, NJ



The hormones, estrogen, progesterone and prolactin, may mediate their effects, individually or in combination, by altering cell proliferation, growth factors and the extracellular matrix proteases. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of prolactin or/and b-estradiol on normal or malignant mammary cells, and the effects of b-estradiol or/and medroxyprogesterone acetate on normal or cancerous endometrial cells, with regards to cell proliferation, and the production of matrix metalloproteinase -1 (MMP-1), and growth factors. Prolactin and estrogen, individually, enhanced mammary cancer cell proliferation. Prolactin and the combination of prolactin and estrogen significantly and similarly inhibited the expression of MMP-1, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b), in the mammary cancer cells. The inhibition of MMP-1 was mediated partially at the transcriptional level, via the activator protein-1 (AP-1) sequence. Also, estrogen inhibited MMP-1 expression transcriptionally, via AP-1 sequence, but did not alter TGF-b expression in these cells. These hormones also inhibited TGF-b expression in normal mammary epithelial cells, but did not alter MMP-1 expression. Estrogen was inhibitory to normal and cancer endometrial cell growth. Progesterone did not alter their cell number. The combination of estrogen and progesterone was stimulatory to endometrial cancer cells and inhibitory to the normal cells. The secretion of growth factors and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) was not altered in endometrial cancer cells by the hormones. The secretion of growth factors and MMP-1 was inhibited by estrogen and the combination of estrogen and progesterone in normal endometrial cells. Overall, our data indicate that the hormones do not upregulate the growth factors or MMP-1 expression in normal or malignant mammary or endometrial cells.




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